Unethical behaviour may be identified and brought to the attention of the editor and publisher at any time, by anyone and should provide sufficient information and evidence in order to start an investigation.
All allegations should be taken seriously and treated in the same way, until a successful decision or conclusion is reached. All reported acts of unethical publishing behavior must be examined, even if it is discovered years after publication.
The editor should take suitable measures according to situation when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper, in conjunction with the publisher.
Such measures will generally include contacting the author of the manuscript and giving due consideration of the complaint, but may also include further communications to the relevant institutions, depending on the misconduct seriousness.
Minor misconduct might be dealt with without the need to consult more widely. In all cases, the author should be given the possibility to respond to any allegations.
Serious misconduct might require use of one or more following measures:
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