Evaluation of User Costs in Terms of Public Transportation Fare: A Literature Review

Ahmet  Karakurt; Ilgin  Gokasar

doi:10.31181/jopi21202426

Authors

Ahmet Karakurt Department of Civil Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Türkiye Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9954-8636
Ilgin Gokasar Department of Civil Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Türkiye Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-9220

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31181/jopi21202426

Keywords:

Public Transportation Fare, User Costs, In-vehicle Time, Waiting Time, Access-egress Time, Value of Time

Abstract

The welfare level differs in every geography depending on the economy. This also differentiates the variables that are taken into account when determining transportation fares. While underdeveloped or developing countries determine prices by focusing only operating and investment costs, developed countries take user and environmental costs into consideration. However, the failure to describe the parameters used in determining these costs leads to the emergence of ineffective pricing policies. Especially the concept of user cost has become the focus of human-oriented policies in recent years. To this end, the paper provides a literature-based analysis of user costs using in calculation of public transportation fare. The fact that the studies in the literature did not address user costs in a clear framework has created an important gap in this regard. The aim of this study is to fill this gap in the literature by systematically examining the user cost factor affecting transportation fare and to provide a source for other research.

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